TY - CHAP
T1 - Design Strategies for Mycelium-Based Composites
AU - Rigobello, Adrien
AU - Ayres, Phil
PY - 2023/5/14
Y1 - 2023/5/14
N2 - Mycelium-based composites (MBC) can be designed utilising a wide range of lignocellulosic substrates and widely distributed versatile ligninolytic fungi. While a wide range of mechanical behaviour has already been reported in thepast 15 years, showing potential to obtain viable products for a variety of uses; no systematic description of the engineering parameters has been established till date. We review carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) activities of fungal species, lignocellulosic substrate chemical profile at cellular level, wetting characteristics, substrate aggregate and composition characteristics. We identify three principal strategies for designing MBC: supplementation, densification and composition, and discuss them regarding outstanding reports from the state-of-the-art. We report on solid-state fermentation supplements having significant effect on fungal CAZymes activities (e.g. monosaccharide, nitrogen, ash, pH buffer). State-of-the-art designs and process control promote specific enzymatic activities independent of species genomics; systematically investigating supplementation, densification and composition design strategies in the future may lead to both a widening and deepening of the available material qualities, along with a focus on developments around functional poles. Additionally, future reproducibility studies of MBC development reports may both improve the overall market readiness and public adoption of MBC solutions and valorise the wealth of material and design semiotic properties that the versatility and affordability of MBC systems support.
AB - Mycelium-based composites (MBC) can be designed utilising a wide range of lignocellulosic substrates and widely distributed versatile ligninolytic fungi. While a wide range of mechanical behaviour has already been reported in thepast 15 years, showing potential to obtain viable products for a variety of uses; no systematic description of the engineering parameters has been established till date. We review carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) activities of fungal species, lignocellulosic substrate chemical profile at cellular level, wetting characteristics, substrate aggregate and composition characteristics. We identify three principal strategies for designing MBC: supplementation, densification and composition, and discuss them regarding outstanding reports from the state-of-the-art. We report on solid-state fermentation supplements having significant effect on fungal CAZymes activities (e.g. monosaccharide, nitrogen, ash, pH buffer). State-of-the-art designs and process control promote specific enzymatic activities independent of species genomics; systematically investigating supplementation, densification and composition design strategies in the future may lead to both a widening and deepening of the available material qualities, along with a focus on developments around functional poles. Additionally, future reproducibility studies of MBC development reports may both improve the overall market readiness and public adoption of MBC solutions and valorise the wealth of material and design semiotic properties that the versatility and affordability of MBC systems support.
KW - solid-state fermentation
KW - ligninolytic fungi
KW - mycelium-based composites
KW - CAZymes
KW - biocomposites
KW - biomaterials
U2 - 10.1007/978-981-19-8853-0_20
DO - 10.1007/978-981-19-8853-0_20
M3 - Book chapter
SP - 605
EP - 635
BT - Fungi and Fungal Products in Human welfare and Biotechnology
A2 - Satyanarayana, Tulasi
A2 - Deshmukh, Sunilkumar
PB - Springer Singapore
CY - Singapore
ER -