@article{412c8057a7384a669a4f274c63bfc68e,
title = "Early dispersal of domestic horses into the Great Plains and northern Rockies",
abstract = "The horse is central to many Indigenous cultures across the American Southwest and the Great Plains. However, when and how horses were first integrated into Indigenous lifeways remain contentious, with extant models derived largely from colonial records. We conducted an interdisciplinary study of an assemblage of historic archaeological horse remains, integrating genomic, isotopic, radiocarbon, and paleopathological evidence. Archaeological and modern North American horses show strong Iberian genetic affinities, with later influx from British sources, but no Viking proximity. Horses rapidly spread from the south into the northern Rockies and central plains by the first half of the 17th century CE, likely through Indigenous exchange networks. They were deeply integrated into Indigenous societies before the arrival of 18th-century European observers, as reflected in herd management, ceremonial practices, and culture. Horses evolved in North America and dispersed to Eurasia across the Bering Land Bridge. They continued to evolve and were domesticated in Eurasia, but, as far as we know, they became extinct in North America by the late Pleistocene and were then reintroduced by European colonizers. Taylor et al. looked at the genetics of horses across the Old and New Worlds and studied archaeological samples. They found no evidence for direct Pleistocene ancestry of North American horses, but they did find that horses of European descent had been integrated into indigenous cultures across western North America long before the arrival of Europeans in that region. —SNV Indigenous societies adopted horses of primarily Spanish origin before Europeans arrived in the Great Plains and the American West.",
author = "{William Timothy Treal Taylor , Pablo Librado , Mila Hunska Ta{\v s}unke Icu , Carlton Shield Chief Gover , Jimmy Arterberry , Anpetu Luta Wiƞ , Akil Nujipi , Tanka Omniya , Mario Gonzalez , Bill Means , Sam High Crane , Ma{\v z}asu null , Barbara Dull Knife , Wakiƞyala Wiƞ , Cruz Tecumseh Collin , Chance Ward , Theresa A. Pasqual , Lorelei Chauvey , Laure Tonasso-Calviere , St{\'e}phanie Schiavinato , Andaine Seguin-Orlando , Antoine Fages , Naveed Khan , Clio Der Sarkissian , Xuexue Liu , Stefanie Wagner , Beth Ginondidoy Leonard , Bruce L. Manzano , Nancy O{\textquoteright}Malley , Jennifer A. Leonard , Elo{\'i}sa Bern{\'a}ldez-S{\'a}nchez , Eric Barrey , L{\'e}a Charliquart , Emilie Robbe , Thibault Denoblet , Kristian Gregersen , Alisa O. Vershinina , Jaco Weinstock , Petra Raji{\'c} {\v S}ikanji{\'c} , Marjan Mashkour , Irina Shingiray , Jean-Marc Aury , Aude Perdereau , Saleh Alquraishi , Ahmed H. Alfarhan , Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid , Tajana Trbojevi{\'c} Vuki{\v c}evi{\'c} , Marcel Buric , Eberhard Sauer , Mary Lucas , Joan Brenner-Coltrain , John R. Bozell , Cassidee A....} and Kristian Gregersen and Joan Brenner-Coltrain and Bozell, {John R.} and Thornhill, {Cassidee A.} and Victoria Monagle and Angela Perri and Cody Newton and Hall, {W. Eugene} and Conver, {Joshua L.} and Roux, {Petrus Le} and Buckser, {Sasha G.} and Caroline Gabe and Belardi, {Juan Bautista} and Barr{\'o}n-Ortiz, {Christina I.} and Hart, {Isaac A.} and Christina Ryder and Matthew Sponheimer and Beth Shapiro and John Southon and Joss Hibbs and Charlotte Faulkner and Alan Outram and Rosa, {Laura Patterson} and Katelyn Palermo and Marina Sol{\'e} and Alice William and Wayne McCrory and Gabriella Lindgren and Samantha Brooks and Camille Ech{\'e} and C{\'e}cile Donnadieu and Olivier Bouchez and Patrick Wincker and Gregory Hodgins and Sarah Trabert and Brandi Bethke and Patrick Roberts and Jones, {Emily Lena} and Collin, {Yvette Running Horse} and Ludovic Orlando",
year = "2023",
doi = "10.1126/science.adc9691",
language = "English",
volume = "379",
pages = "1316--1323",
journal = "Science",
issn = "0036-8075",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "6639",
}