The implementation of design methodologies for supporting shared decision making in healthcare services: A systematic review

Objectives: This systematic review examines how design methodologies support Shared Decision Making (SDM), identifies the most suitable for future use, explores types of methodologies used, challenges faced, and the impact on patients, clinicians, and care pathways.
Methods: Studies were searched on Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and grey literature (Google Scholar, COR- DIS) up to July 2024, following PRISMA guidelines.
Results: were analysed to identify patient involvement, design strategies, SDM solutions, and their impact on care paths, professionals, and patients.
Results: Out of 2499 studies and 39 grey literature projects identified, 22 studies (reported in 35 publications) were selected, primarily from the USA and Europe (2015 onward). User-Centered Design predominated, involving health professionals more than patients. IPDAS standards were common. Evaluations showed improved patient experience and SDM role, with a potential increase in healthcare professionals’ workload.
Conclusion: Although design methodologies are used in SDM implementation, improvement is needed. Service Design can enhance implementation by analysing the entire SDM process, while co-creative approaches develop patient-focused solutions that integrate smoothly into health professionals’ workflows.
Practical implications: Introducing SDM in healthcare is complex, but design methodologies can help by analysing stakeholder needs, providing a broader care path view, and facilitating SDM implementation.